Thursday, September 1, 2016

Quotation Mark Rules and the Legacy of Typsetting


I recently found this fascinating story of a legacy of typesetting that still creates a difference between American and British punctuation. Proofreaders have to stay mindful of it when dealing with American conventions.

In the past, compositors (people who lay out printed material with type) found that the small pieces of type would not break off the end of a sentence, so the full stops (periods in the US) and commas would not break off either. For this reason they made the rule that made the rule that full stops and commas had to be placed inside quotation marks. This rule became the convention for how to place commas and full stops in regard to quotation marks.

Then, in the 1900s the Fowlers Brothers campaigned for full stops and commas to be placed outside quotation marks, except for direct speech. This was so the grammar rules would follow logic rather than typesetting convenience. This new rule was adopted for UK English. Its advantage is that placing the full stops and commas outside quotation marks makes it clear that what is inside the quotation marks is a quote or highlighted word and not direct speech.

However, the US did not adopt the rule change. So to this day, UK English follows the rule that full stops and commas go outside quotation marks except in direct speech e.g. “That movie was terrible,” said Mark. But US English, they still go inside.

For example:

(US English) I can never remember how to spell “ecstasy.”
(UK English) I can never remember how to spell “ecstasy”.

This rule applies only to full stops and commas. In both UK and US English all other punctuation, such as semicolons, colons and dashes, always go outside quotation marks. Moreover, some American-based conventions, such as the APA reference style, have adopted the UK rule of full stops and commas outside quotation marks in order to differentiate highlighted words and quotes taken from sources from direct speech.

Source


http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/how-to-use-quotation-marks

Friday, March 25, 2016

25 blog post ideas

I just came across this link: 25 ideas for when you get stuck on what to post on your blog:

http://www.freelancewritingriches.com/ideas-freelance-writing-blog/

1990s or 1990's?

Which is correct - 1990s or 1990's? When discussing a decade in this way, is it correct or not correct to use the apostrophe?

Surprise - I have found that in UK English, the apostrophe is generally omitted and the correct use would be 1990s. But in US English, it is more common to retain the apostrophe, so 1990's would be more correct there.





Tuesday, October 6, 2015

Business Expo 2015 - Follow-Up

There was an article in The Hutt News this week that this year's Business Expo has been "deemed as a success", with 91 exhibitors and just over 900 visitors. This was a pleasing turnout despite the bad weather of the day. The Hutt News reports that there was a diverse range of businesses on show: catering, insulation, entertainment, fitness, graphic designers, funeral directors, live radio station, payroll, security, solar, tastings, real estate, media, virtual assistants and video were showcased alongside more typical business services such as banking, legal and accounting. The article also says the general feedback was that many business leads were generated - vital for boosting business. There was also a new, free APP developed for smart phones that scanned QR codes on exhibitors stands. There was even a function at the end of the day where people on their way home from work could drop by. Plenty of stalls offered prizes, while the show had awards for The Most Innovative Stand, Top Stand and People's Choice.

Tuesday, September 22, 2015

Business Expo 2015

It is always good to go to the Business Expo. It is a great venue where you not only find potential services, clients but also finding new businesses, organisations and even new technologies, some of which you may not have known about before. These days it is held at the Working Men's Club Rooms at Petone, which I find a more cozy venue than the Horticultural Hall it used to be held at, plus you have plenty of counters for drinks, food and a rest.

I was very surprised to see Wellington Zoo having a stall at the Business Expo for the very first time. It was a reminder that the zoo is not only a place to see animals but can offer venues for entertainment and functions. And 3-D technology has made its way to the Business Expo; the Hutt Libraries stall, for example, was demonstrating a 3-D printer that was making plastic bookmarks. And there were plenty of prize draws, such as a trip for 2 to Nelson, bottles of champagne, hampers, and free offers of business services.











Thursday, June 11, 2015

Guerrilla Marketing

Lately my local library has been showing its support for local business by hosting a series of lunchtime business seminars called Lunch & Learn. Today's seminar was on guerrilla marketing.

I signed up, having some vague idea that guerrilla marketing must mean an aggressive form of marketing. But I was pleasantly surprised to learn that guerrilla marketing means unconventional systems of promoting a business on a low budget. Time, energy, imagination and out-of-the box tactics are what are used to grab attention and a competitive advantage. This one captures my imagination and attention immediately.

And the powerpoint showed us a host of surprising, imaginative, and even amusing examples of guerrilla marketing that range from a bike painted up in gold and the store logo and chained to a lamp post to promote a bike shop to a ladybird painted on the pavement to draw attention to a baby clothes outlet. Billboards and posters have been similarly manipulated in Photoshop and other software to produce out-of-the box advertising campaigns, such as an oversized bottle of twink out in the street to promote office products to a picture of roll of sushi superimposed on the spare tyre of a car to promote home-delivery sushi. Sound too can be used for guerrilla marketing. The sound of the ice-cream truck is a classic example.

I have even seen examples of guerrilla marketing myself. One example was a tyre firm out in Petone making a recycled Christmas tree out of old tyres. A mountain of tyres stacked up in a pyramid and painted to look Christmassy. It not only promoted the company but also the concept of making Christmas trees out of recycled products, hence the Retree Festival (making Christmas trees out of recycled or craft products) last year.

We were shown slides of how simple things can be turned to creative advertising at low cost. One was the aforementioned painted up bike to promote a bike shop. But how about vehicles? Paint your hubcaps, make something out of plywood and put it on the top? Or how about a wall or window display? Another example I saw was down at Knitworld. They have a window display that advertises the upcoming Yarn Garden (making a wool garden out of knitting and crochet down at Andrews Avenue to celebrate World Wide Knit in Public Day). The window display has a garden fork and spade turned into works of art by being all covered in colourful crochet work. At the bottom are knitted and crochet squares of garden patches filled with lettuce, carrots, radishes and flowers, all made from wool. Such a display not only advertises the Yarn Garden but Knitworld itself, and cannot have cost much to create. 

Spam can be irritating, but apparently it too can be guerrilla marketing. Type in a keyword for, say, plumbers, and you can find an ad that promotes a product for cleaning drains. Even controversy (such as one campaign that said buy one pizza, get one condom free) can also be used for guerrilla marketing. Controversy may range from bad taste to outrage, but it has the upside of polarising public opinion between those who turn away and those who are curious and want to check it out. It is no wonder that rent-a-crowd outfits have become a business as bad publicity can be good publicity.

Our host gave us examples of how guerrilla marketing is not only used to promote businesses but also to get messages across. One was painting streets with flowers to reduce road rage and trouble with traffic wardens. Another was using speech balloons on a beach to encourage people not to litter.

Once we had got the idea of guerrilla marketing we were then given a plan of how to draw one up. It went as follows:

Objective: What do you want to achieve? 
Example: Tell people I'm the best plumber in Petone

Target Audience: Who are you talking to?
Example: Everyone around the Petone area

Target message: What do you want to say? And remember - it must overlap with what your audience is interested in so it will be relevant to them.
Example: When you need a plumber, ring the best!

Guerrilla idea: What is the idea to get attention?
Example: big cut-out tap with sign hanging from it

Impact Zone: Where are you going to put it?
Example: On van, on property

Creative Execution: What do you need to bring it to life?
Example: make the tap in plywood and bolt it to the roof rack

Cost implication: How much will it cost?
Example: $75 for painting and cutting out, $25 for sign

Duration: How long is it going to last?
Example: use every day

Surround Sound: What else will draw people?
Example: put picture on invoices, send to newspaper

This was one of the most rewarding business seminars I have ever been to. Use the tools of your imagination and creativity to create an advertising campaign out of everyday products, computer graphic software, and objects you see in everyday life to get yourself noticed in ways that turn heads and save money!

Wednesday, April 1, 2015

Meetup

I was cruising the web for new social and business groups to join and I came across Meetup. I was immediately impressed with this site because you can not only find new groups to join in Wellington but you can set up one yourself! Groups range from writing web content to tramping around Wellington, and if you have an idea for starting your own group, this could be the site for you. Meetup can be found at http://www.meetup.com.